Presenting inaccurate, irrelevant, or misconstrued scientific or technical
information to substantiate false claims
What does this commonly used tactic look like in BWC statements and documents?
Statement by the Russian Federation at the 9th ReviewConference (2022)
Working paper submitted by the Russian Federation at 2023 Working Group Meeting
Provision of “Evidence”:
Using reports, government agreements, project documents, and patent
applications to generate “evidence” of nefarious activity
What does this commonly used tactic look like in BWC statements and documents?
Working paper submitted by the Russian Federation at 2024 Meeting of States Parties
Presentation submitted by the Russian Federation at 2022 Formal Consultative Meeting
Appeal to Emotions:
Using emotionally manipulative language or content to elicit feelings of
outrage, fear, disgust, and/or anger
What does this commonly used tactic look like in BWC statements and documents?
Working paper submitted by the Russian Federation at 2023 Working Group Meeting
Note Verbale submitted by the Russian Federation to BWC States Parties in 2024
Citing “Authoritative” Sources:
Referencing, quoting, or misquoting/misrepresenting sources with apparent
authority or expertise to enhance the perceived credibility of false claims
What does this commonly used tactic look like in BWC statements and documents?
Working paper submitted by the Russian Federation at 2023 Meeting of States Parties
Note Verbale submitted by the Russian Federation to BWC States Parties in 2024
Claims of Secrecy or Neglect:
Claiming that certain states are not adequately transparent about their
biological activities and/or not responsive to questions about those activities
What does this commonly used tactic look like in BWC statements and documents?
Working paper submitted by the Russian Federation at 2024 Meeting of States Parties
Working paper submitted by the Russian Federation at 2023 Working Group Meeting